Aiming for Grade 4 LOs:

• State that high-frequency electromagnetic radiation is ionising.
• Describe the uses and dangers of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• Describe the uses and dangers of X-rays and gamma radiation.

Aiming for Grade 6 LOs:

• Describe the penetrating powers of gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays.
• Compare X-rays and gamma radiation in terms of their origin.
• Describe the ionisation of atoms in simple terms.

Aiming for Grade 8 LOs:

• Describe in detail the interaction between ionising radiation and inorganic materials.
• Compare different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of their potential harmfulness.
• Explain how the process of ionisation can lead to cell death or cancer through damage to DNA